百年孤独(英文版)-第1部分

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GABRIEL　GARCIA　MARQUEZ　was　born　in　Aracataca；　Colombia　in　1928；　but　he　has　lived　most　of　his　life　in　Mexico　and　Europe。　He　attended　the　University　of　Bogot？and　later　worked　as　staff　reporter　and　film　critic　for　the　Colombian　newspaper　El　Espectador。　In　addition　to　ONE　HUNDRED　YEARS　OF　SOLITUDE。　he　has　also　written　two　collections　of　short　fiction；　NO　ONE　WRITES　TO　THE　COLONEL　and　LEAF　STORM　（both　available　in　Bard　editions）。
　　　García　Márquez　currently　lives　with　his　wife　and　children　in　Barcelona。

Other　Avon　Bard　Books　by
Gabriel　Garcia　Marquez


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THE　AUTUMN　OF　THE　PATRIARCH
IN　EVIL　HOUR

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ONE　HUNDRED　YEARS
OF　SOLITUDE

GABRIEL　GARCIA　MARQUEZ

TRANSLATED　FROM　THE　SPANISH
BY　GREGORY　RABASSA


AVON　BOOKS　？NEW　YORK


This　book　was　first　published　in　Argentina　in　1967　by　Editorial　Sudamericana；　S。A。；　Buenos　Aires；　under　the　title　Cien　A？os　de　Soledad。
Assistance　for　the　translation　of　this　volume　was　given　by　the　Center　for　InterAmerican　Relations。

AVON　BOOKS
A　division　of
The　Hearst　Corporation
105　Madison　Avenue
New　York；　New　York　10016

English　translation　？1970　by　Harper　&　Row；　Publishers；　Inc。
Published　by　arrangement　with　Harper　&　Row；　Publishers；　Inc。
Library　of　Congress　Catalog　Card　Number：　7483632
ISBN：　038001503X

All　rights　reserved；　which　includes　the　right　to　reproduce　this　book　or　portions　thereof　in　any　form　whatsoever　except　as　provided　by　the　U。S。　Copyright　Law。　For　information　address　Harper　&　Row；　Publishers；　Inc。；　10　East　53rd　Street；　New　York；　New　York　10022。

First　Avon　Bard　Printing：　May　1971

AVON　BARD　TRADEMARK　REG。　U。S。　PAT　OFF。　AND　OTHER　COUNTRIES；　MARCA　REGISTRADA；　HECHO　EN　U。S。A。

Printed　in　the　U。S。A。
KR　40　39　38　37　36　35　34　33


for　jom？garcía　ascot
and　maría　luisa　elío



ONE　HUNDRED　YEARS
OF　SOLITUDE






Chapter　1
MANY　YEARS　LATER　as　he　faced　the　firing　squad；　Colonel　Aureliano　Buendía　was　to　remember　that　distant　afternoon　when　his　father　took　him　to　discover　ice。　At　that　time　Macondo　was　a　village　of　twenty　adobe　houses；　built　on　the　bank　of　a　river　of　clear　water　that　ran　along　a　bed　of　polished　stones；　which　were　white　and　enormous；　like　prehistoric　eggs。　The　world　was　so　recent　that　many　things　lacked　names；　and　in　order　to　indicate　them　it　was　necessary　to　point。　Every　year　during　the　month　of　March　a　family　of　ragged　gypsies　would　set　up　their　tents　near　the　village；　and　with　a　great　uproar　of　pipes　and　kettledrums　they　would　display　new　inventions。　First　they　brought　the　magnet。　A　heavy　gypsy　with　an　untamed　beard　and　sparrow　hands；　who　introduced　himself　as　Melquíades；　put　on　a　bold　public　demonstration　of　what　he　himself　called　the　eighth　wonder　of　the　learned　alchemists　of　Macedonia。　He　went　from　house　to　house　dragging　two　metal　ingots　and　everybody　was　amazed　to　see　pots；　pans；　tongs；　and　braziers　tumble　down　from　their　places　and　beams　creak　from　the　desperation　of　nails　and　screws　trying　to　emerge；　and　even　objects　that　had　been　lost　for　a　long　time　appeared　from　where　they　had　been　searched　for　most　and　went　dragging　along　in　turbulent　confusion　behind　Melquíades？magical　irons。　“Things　have　a　life　of　their　own；？the　gypsy　proclaimed　with　a　harsh　accent。　“It’s　simply　a　matter　of　waking　up　their　souls。？Jos？Arcadio　Buendía；　whose　unbridled　imagination　always　went　beyond　the　genius　of　nature　and　even　beyond　miracles　and　magic；　thought　that　it　would　be　possible　to　make　use　of　that　useless　invention　to　extract　gold　from　the　bowels　of　the　earth。　Melquíades；　who　was　an　honest　man；　warned　him：　“It　won’t　work　for　that。？But　Jos？Arcadio　Buendía　at　that　time　did　not　believe　in　the　honesty　of　gypsies；　so　he　traded　his　mule　and　a　pair　of　goats　for　the　two　magnetized　ingots。　？rsula　Iguarán；　his　wife；　who　relied　on　those　animals　to　increase　their　poor　domestic　holdings；　was　unable　to　dissuade　him。　“Very　soon　well　have　gold　enough　and　more　to　pave　the　floors　of　the　house；？her　husband　replied。　For　several　months　he　worked　hard　to　demonstrate　the　truth　of　his　idea。　He　explored　every　inch　of　the　region；　even　the　riverbed；　dragging　the　two　iron　ingots　along　and　reciting　Melquíades？incantation　aloud。　The　only　thing　he　succeeded　in　doing　was　to　unearth　a　suit　of　fifteenthcentury　armor　which　had　all　of　its　pieces　soldered　together　with　rust　and　inside　of　which　there　was　the　hollow　resonance　of　an　enormous　stonefilled　gourd。　When　Jos？Arcadio　Buendía　and　the　four　men　of　his　expedition　managed　to　take　the　armor　apart；　they　found　inside　a　calcified　skeleton　with　a　copper　locket　containing　a　woman’s　hair　around　its　neck。
　　　In　March　the　gypsies　returned。　This　time　they　brought　a　telescope　and　a　magnifying　glass　the　size　of　a　drum；　which　they　exhibited　as　the　latest　discovery　of　the　Jews　of　Amsterdam。　They　placed　a　gypsy　woman　at　one　end　of　the　village　and　set　up　the　telescope　at　the　entrance　to　the　tent。　For　the　price　of　five　reales；　people　could　look　into　the　telescope　and　see　the　gypsy　woman　an　arm’s　length　away。　“Science　has　eliminated　distance；？Melquíades　proclaimed。　“In　a　short　time；　man　will　be　able　to　see　what　is　happening　in　any　place　in　the　world　without　leaving　his　own　house。？A　burning　noonday　sun　brought　out　a　startling　demonstration　with　the　gigantic　magnifying　glass：　they　put　a　pile　of　dry　hay　in　the　middle　of　the　street　and　set　it　on　fire　by　concentrating　the　sun’s　rays。　Jos？Arcadio　Buendía；　who　had　still　not　been　consoled　for　the　failure　of　big　magnets；　conceived　the　idea　of　using　that　invention　as　a　weapon　of　war。　Again　Melquíades　tried　to　dissuade　him；　but　he　finally　accepted　the　two　magnetized　ingots　and　three　colonial　coins　in　exchange　for　the　magnifying　glass。　？rsula　wept　in　consternation。　That　money　was　from　a　chest　of　gold　coins　that　her　father　had　put　together　ova　an　entire　life　of　privation　and　that　she　had　buried　underneath　her　bed　in　hopes　of　a　proper　occasion　to　make　use　of　it。　Jos？Arcadio　Buendía　made　no　at。　tempt　to　console　her；　pletely　absorbed　in　his　tactical　experiments　with　the　abnegation　of　a　scientist　and　even　at　the　risk　of　his　own　life。　In　an　attempt　to　show　the　effects　of　the　glass　on　enemy　troops；　he　exposed　himself　to　the　concentration　of　the　sun’s　rays　and　suffered　burns　which　turned　into　sores　that　took　a　long　time　to　heal。　Over　the　protests　of　his　wife；　who　was　alarmed　at　such　a　dangerous　invention；　at　one　point　he　was　ready　to　set　the　house　on　fire。　He　would　spend　hours　on　end　in　his　room；　calculating　the　strategic　possibilities　of　his　novel　weapon　until　he　succeeded　in　putting　together　a　manual　of　startling　instructional　clarity　and　an　irresistible　power　of　conviction。　He　sent　it　to　the　government；　acpanied　by　numerous　descriptions　of　his　experiments　and　several　pages　of　explanatory　sketches；　by　a　messenger　who　crossed　the　mountains；　got　lost　in　measureless　swamps；　forded　stormy　rivers；　and　was　on　the　point　of　perishing　under　the　lash　of　despair；　plague；　and　wild　beasts　until　he　found　a　route　that　joined　the　one　used　by　the　mules　that　carried　the　mail。　In　spite　of　the　fact　that　a　trip　to　the　capital　was　little　less　than　impossible　at　that　time；　Jos？Arcadio　Buendía　promised　to　undertake　it　as　soon　as　the　government　ordered　him　to　so　that　he　could　put　on　some　practical　demonstrations　of　his　invention　for　the　military　authorities　and　could　train　them　himself　in　the　plicated　art　of　solar　war。　For　several　years　he　waited　for　an　answer。　Finally；　tired　of　waiting；　he　bemoaned　to　Melquíades　the　failure　of　his　project　and　the　gypsy　then　gave　him　a　convin