¾ÅζÊéÎÝ > ÀúÊ·¾üʵç×ÓÊé > historical lectures and essays(²é¶û˹½ð˹ÀûÀúÊ·½²×ù) >

µÚ3²¿·Ö

historical lectures and essays(²é¶û˹½ð˹ÀûÀúÊ·½²×ù)-µÚ3²¿·Ö


°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
¡ª¡ª¡ª¡ªÎ´ÔĶÁÍꣿ¼ÓÈëÊéÇ©ÒѱãÏ´μÌÐøÔĶÁ£¡




son¡¡¡¡¡¡Cnut£»¡¡¡¡¡¡whom¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡call¡¡¡¡¡¡Canute£»¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡just¡¡¡¡¡¡calling¡¡¡¡¡¡together¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡

daring¡¡spirits¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Baltic¡¡coasts¡¡for¡¡the¡¡subjugation¡¡of¡¡England£»¡¡and¡¡when¡¡

that¡¡great¡¡feat¡¡was¡¡performed£»¡¡the¡¡Scandinavian¡¡emigration¡¡was¡¡paralysed£»¡¡

probably£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fearful¡¡¡¡¡¡wars¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡home¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡While¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡king¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

Sweden£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡St¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Olaf¡¡¡¡¡¡Tryggvason£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡king¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Norway£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡setting¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡7¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡8¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



Denmark¡¡¡¡¡¡during¡¡¡¡¡¡Cnut's¡¡¡¡¡¡pilgrimage¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡Rome£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Cnut£»¡¡¡¡¡¡sailing¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

mighty¡¡fleet¡¡to¡¡Norway£»¡¡was¡¡driving¡¡St¡£¡¡Olaf¡¡into¡¡Russia£»¡¡to¡¡return¡¡and¡¡fall¡¡

in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fratricidal¡¡¡¡¡¡battle¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Stiklesteadduring£»¡¡¡¡¡¡strangely¡¡¡¡¡¡enough£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡total¡¡

eclipse¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡sunVinland¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡like¡¡¡¡¡¡enough¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡remain¡¡¡¡¡¡still¡¡¡¡¡¡uncolonised¡£¡¡

After¡¡¡¡¡¡Cnut's¡¡¡¡¡¡short¡­lived¡¡¡¡¡¡triumphking¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Denmark£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Norway£»¡¡

England£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡half¡¡¡¡¡¡Scotland£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡what¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Wendish¡¡¡¡¡¡Folk¡¡¡¡¡¡inside¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Balticthe¡¡force¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Norsemen¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡have¡¡been¡¡exhausted¡¡in¡¡their¡¡

native¡¡lands¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Once¡¡more¡¡only£»¡¡if¡¡I¡¡remember¡¡right£»¡¡did¡¡¡¨Lochlin£»¡¨¡¡really¡¡

and¡¡hopefully¡¡¡¡send¡¡forth¡¡her¡¡¡¨mailed¡¡¡¡¡¡swarm¡¨¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡conquer¡¡a¡¡¡¡foreign¡¡¡¡land£»¡¡

and¡¡with¡¡a¡¡result¡¡unexpected¡¡alike¡¡by¡¡them¡¡and¡¡by¡¡their¡¡enemies¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Had¡¡it¡¡

been¡¡otherwise£»¡¡we¡¡might¡¡not¡¡have¡¡been¡¡here¡¡this¡¡day¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Let¡¡me¡¡sketch¡¡for¡¡you¡¡once¡¡morethough¡¡you¡¡have¡¡heard¡¡it£»¡¡doubtless£»¡¡

many¡¡a¡¡timethe¡¡tale¡¡of¡¡that¡¡tremendous¡¡fortnight¡¡which¡¡settled¡¡the¡¡fate¡¡of¡¡

Britain£»¡¡and¡¡therefore¡¡of¡¡North¡¡America£»¡¡which¡¡decidedjust¡¡in¡¡those¡¡great¡¡

times¡¡when¡¡the¡¡decision¡¡was¡¡to¡¡be¡¡made¡­¡¡¡­whether¡¡we¡¡should¡¡be¡¡on¡¡a¡¡par¡¡

with¡¡the¡¡other¡¡civilised¡¡nations¡¡of¡¡Europe£»¡¡like¡¡them¡¡the¡¡¡¨heirs¡¡of¡¡all¡¡the¡¡

ages£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡our¡¡¡¡¡¡share¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Roman¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Christianity¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Roman¡¡

centralisationa¡¡¡¡¡¡member¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡ity¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡European¡¡¡¡¡¡nations£»¡¡¡¡¡¡held¡¡

together¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡Christian¡¡¡¡¡¡bond¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Popebut¡¡¡¡¡¡heirs¡¡¡¡¡¡also¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Roman¡¡

civilisation£»¡¡Roman¡¡literature£»¡¡Roman¡¡Law£»¡¡and¡¡therefore£»¡¡in¡¡due¡¡time£»¡¡of¡¡

Greek¡¡philosophy¡¡and¡¡art¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡No¡¡less¡¡a¡¡question¡¡than¡¡this£»¡¡it¡¡seems¡¡to¡¡me£»¡¡

hung¡¡in¡¡the¡¡balance¡¡during¡¡that¡¡fortnight¡¡of¡¡autumn£»¡¡1066¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Poor¡¡old¡¡¡¡¡¡Edward¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Confessor£»¡¡¡¡holy£»¡¡¡¡weak£»¡¡and¡¡sad£»¡¡¡¡lay¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡new¡¡

choir¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Westminsterwhere¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡wicked¡¡¡¡¡¡ceased¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡troubling£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

weary¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡rest¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡crowned¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ascetic¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡left¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡heir¡¡¡¡¡¡behind¡£¡¡

England¡¡seemed¡¡as¡¡a¡¡corpse£»¡¡to¡¡which¡¡all¡¡the¡¡eagles¡¡might¡¡gather¡¡together£»¡¡

and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡South¡­English£»¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡utter¡¡¡¡need£»¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡chosen¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡their¡¡king¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

ablest£»¡¡and¡¡it¡¡may¡¡be¡¡the¡¡justest£»¡¡man¡¡in¡¡BritainEarl¡¡Harold¡¡Godwinsson£º¡¡

himself£»¡¡like¡¡half¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡upper¡¡classes¡¡of¡¡England¡¡then£»¡¡¡¡of¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡­dominant¡¡

Norse¡¡blood£»¡¡for¡¡his¡¡mother¡¡was¡¡a¡¡Danish¡¡princess¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Then¡¡out¡¡of¡¡Norway£»¡¡

with¡¡a¡¡mighty¡¡host£»¡¡came¡¡Harold¡¡Hardraade£»¡¡taller¡¡than¡¡all¡¡men£»¡¡the¡¡ideal¡¡

Viking¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡time¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Half¡­brother¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡now¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡dead¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡St¡£¡¡¡¡Olaf£»¡¡¡¡¡¡severely¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡8¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡9¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



wounded¡¡when¡¡he¡¡was¡¡but¡¡fifteen£»¡¡at¡¡Stiklestead£»¡¡when¡¡Olaf¡¡fell£»¡¡he¡¡had¡¡

warred¡¡and¡¡plundered¡¡on¡¡many¡¡a¡¡coast¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡had¡¡been¡¡away¡¡to¡¡Russia¡¡to¡¡

King¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Jaroslaf£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡been¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Emperor's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Varanger¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡guard¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡

Constantinopleand£»¡¡it¡¡was¡¡whispered£»¡¡had¡¡slain¡¡a¡¡lion¡¡there¡¡with¡¡his¡¡bare¡¡

hands£»¡¡he¡¡had¡¡carved¡¡his¡¡name¡¡and¡¡his¡¡rades'¡¡in¡¡Runic¡¡charactersif¡¡

you¡¡go¡¡to¡¡Venice¡¡you¡¡may¡¡see¡¡them¡¡at¡¡this¡¡day¡¡on¡¡the¡¡loins¡¡of¡¡the¡¡great¡¡

marble¡¡lion£»¡¡which¡¡stood¡¡in¡¡his¡¡time¡¡not¡¡in¡¡Venice¡¡but¡¡in¡¡Athens¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡

now£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡king¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡Norway¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡conqueror£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡time£»¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡Denmark£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡why¡¡

should¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡take¡¡¡¡¡¡England£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡Sweyn¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡Canute¡¡¡¡¡¡took¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡sixty¡¡¡¡¡¡years¡¡

before£»¡¡when¡¡the¡¡flower¡¡of¡¡the¡¡English¡¡gentry¡¡perished¡¡at¡¡the¡¡fatal¡¡battle¡¡of¡¡

Assingdune£¿¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡half¡­barbarous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡host¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡conquered£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

civilisation¡¡of¡¡Britain¡¡would¡¡have¡¡been¡¡thrown¡¡back£»¡¡perhaps£»¡¡for¡¡centuries¡£¡¡

But¡¡it¡¡was¡¡not¡¡to¡¡be¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡England¡¡WAS¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡conquered¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Norman£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡civilised£»¡¡

not¡¡the¡¡barbaric£»¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Norse¡¡who¡¡had¡¡settled£»¡¡but¡¡four¡¡generations¡¡before£»¡¡

in¡¡the¡¡North¡¡East¡¡of¡¡France¡¡under¡¡Rou£»¡¡Rollo£»¡¡Rolf¡¡the¡¡Gangerso¡­called£»¡¡

they¡¡¡¡¡¡say£»¡¡¡¡¡¡because¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡legs¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡long¡¡¡¡¡¡that£»¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡horseback£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡

touched¡¡the¡¡ground¡¡and¡¡seemed¡¡to¡¡gang£»¡¡or¡¡walk¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡and¡¡his¡¡Norsemen¡¡

had¡¡taken¡¡their¡¡share¡¡of¡¡France£»¡¡and¡¡called¡¡it¡¡Normandy¡¡to¡¡this¡¡day£»¡¡and¡¡

meanwhile£»¡¡with¡¡that¡¡docility¡¡and¡¡adaptability¡¡which¡¡marks¡¡so¡¡often¡¡truly¡¡

great¡¡spirits£»¡¡they¡¡had¡¡changed¡¡their¡¡creed£»¡¡their¡¡language£»¡¡their¡¡habits£»¡¡and¡¡

had¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡bee£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡heathen¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡murderous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Berserkers£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡truly¡¡

civilised¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡people¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡Europe£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡andas¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡natural¡¡¡¡¡¡thenthe¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡

faithful¡¡¡¡¡¡allies¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡servants¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡Pope¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Rome¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡So¡¡¡¡¡¡greatly¡¡¡¡¡¡had¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡

changed£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡fast£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡William¡¡¡¡Duke¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Normandy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡­¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡­¡¡

grandson¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Rolf¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡wild¡¡¡¡¡¡Viking£»¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡perhaps¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡finest¡¡¡¡¡¡gentleman£»¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡

well¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡cultivated¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sovereign£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡greatest¡¡¡¡¡¡statesman¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡

warrior¡¡in¡¡all¡¡Europe¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡So¡¡Harold¡¡of¡¡Norway¡¡came¡¡with¡¡all¡¡his¡¡Vikings¡¡to¡¡Stamford¡¡Bridge¡¡by¡¡

York£»¡¡and¡¡took£»¡¡by¡¡ing£»¡¡only¡¡that¡¡which¡¡Harold¡¡of¡¡England¡¡promised¡¡

him£»¡¡namely£»¡¡¡¨forasmuch¡¡as¡¡he¡¡was¡¡taller¡¡than¡¡any¡¡other¡¡man£»¡¡seven¡¡feet¡¡

of¡¡English¡¡ground¡£¡¨¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡9¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡10¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Historical¡¡Lectures¡¡and¡¡Essays¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡story¡¡of¡¡that¡¡great¡¡battle£»¡¡told¡¡with¡¡a¡¡few¡¡inaccuracies£»¡¡but¡¡told¡¡as¡¡

only¡¡great¡¡poets¡¡tell£»¡¡you¡¡should¡¡read£»¡¡if¡¡you¡¡have¡¡not¡¡read¡¡it¡¡already£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡

¡¨Heimskringla¡¨¡¡of¡¡Snorri¡¡Sturluson£»¡¡the¡¡Homer¡¡of¡¡the¡¡North£º¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡High¡¡feast¡¡that¡¡day¡¡held¡¡the¡¡birds¡¡of¡¡the¡¡air¡¡and¡¡the¡¡beasts¡¡of¡¡the¡¡field£»¡¡

White¡­tailed¡¡erne¡¡and¡¡sallow¡¡glede£»¡¡Dusky¡¡raven£»¡¡with¡¡horny¡¡neb£»¡¡And¡¡the¡¡

gray¡¡deer¡¡the¡¡wolf¡¡of¡¡the¡¡wood¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡bones¡¡of¡¡the¡¡slain£»¡¡men¡¡say£»¡¡whitened¡¡the¡¡place¡¡for¡¡fifty¡¡years¡¡to¡¡

e¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡remember£»¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡same¡¡¡¡¡¡day¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡fight¡¡¡¡¡¡befell¡¡

September¡¡¡¡¡¡27£»¡¡¡¡¡¡1066William£»¡¡¡¡¡¡Duke¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡Normandy£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡French¡­¡¡

speaking¡¡¡¡¡¡Norsemen£»¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡sailing¡¡¡¡¡¡across¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡British¡¡¡¡¡¡Channel£»¡¡¡¡¡¡under¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

protection¡¡of¡¡a¡¡banner¡¡consecrated¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Pope£»¡¡to¡¡conquer¡¡that¡¡England¡¡

which¡¡the¡¡Norse¡­speaking¡¡Normans¡¡could¡¡not¡¡conquer¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡now¡¡¡¡¡¡King¡¡¡¡¡¡Harold¡¡¡¡¡¡showed¡¡¡¡¡¡himself¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡man¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡turned¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡once¡¡

from¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡North¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡England¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡South¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡He¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡raised¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡folk¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

Southern£»¡¡as¡¡he¡¡had¡¡raised¡¡those¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Central¡¡and¡¡Northern¡¡shires£»¡¡and¡¡in¡¡

sixteen¡¡daysafter¡¡a¡¡march¡¡which¡¡in¡¡those¡¡times¡¡was¡¡a¡¡prodigious¡¡feathe¡¡

was¡¡¡¡¡¡entrenched¡¡¡¡¡¡upon¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fatal¡¡¡¡¡¡down¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡men¡¡¡¡¡¡called¡¡¡¡¡¡Heathfield¡¡¡¡¡¡then£»¡¡

and¡¡Senlac£»¡¡but¡¡Battle¡¡to¡¡this¡¡daywith¡¡William¡¡and¡¡his¡¡French¡¡Normans¡¡

opposite¡¡him¡¡on¡¡Telham¡¡hill¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Then¡¡came¡¡the¡¡battle¡¡of¡¡Hastings¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡You¡¡all¡¡know¡¡what¡¡befell¡¡upon¡¡that¡¡

day£»¡¡and¡¡how¡¡the¡¡old¡¡weapon¡¡was¡¡matched¡¡against¡¡the¡¡newthe¡¡English¡¡

axe¡¡against¡¡the¡¡Norman¡¡lanceand¡¡beaten¡¡only¡¡because¡¡the¡¡English¡¡broke¡¡

their¡¡¡¡¡¡ranks¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡¡¡¡¡you¡¡¡¡¡¡wish¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡refresh¡¡¡¡¡¡your¡¡¡¡¡¡memories£»¡¡¡¡¡¡read¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡tale¡¡¡¡¡¡once¡¡

more¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡Mr¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Freeman's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨History¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡England£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡Professor¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Creasy's¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨¡¡

Fifteen¡¡Decisive¡¡Battles¡¡of¡¡the¡¡World£»¡¨¡¡or¡¡even£»¡¡best¡¡of¡¡all£»¡¡the¡¡late¡¡Lord¡¡

Lytton's¡¡splendid¡¡romance¡¡of¡¡¡¨Harold¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡when¡¡you¡¡go¡¡to¡¡England£»¡¡go£»¡¡

as¡¡some¡¡of¡¡y

·µ»ØĿ¼ ÉÏÒ»Ò³ ÏÂÒ»Ò³ »Øµ½¶¥²¿ ÔÞ£¨0£© ²È£¨0£©

Äã¿ÉÄÜϲ»¶µÄ