2006年考研政治理论单元预测1-第14部分
按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！
ife。
4
On the other hand； a teacher must be capable of infinite patronee。 This； I may say； is largely a matter of selfdiscipline and selftraining； because none of us were born like that。 He must be pretty resilient； teaching makes great demands on nervous energy。 And he should be able to take in his stride the innumerable petty irritations any adult dealing with children has to endure。
5
Finally； I think a teacher should have the kind of mind； which always wants to go on learning。 Teaching is a job at which one will never be perfect； there is always something more to learn about it。 There are three principle objects of study： the subject； or subjects； which the teacher is teaching； the methods by which they can best be taught to the particular pupils in the classes he is teaching； and—by far the most important—the children； young people； or adults to whom they are to be taught。
The cardinal principle of British education is education of the whole person； and that it is best acquired through full and active cooperation between two persons； the teacher and the learner。
答案及解析
1。F。该题是要你判断教师首先必须具备的个人品质。从后文中“排除忧郁、冷漠、生性呆板等性格特征”看，与之对应的是“pleasantly live and attractive。 从“does rule out” 我们发现与之对应的“does not rule out”：所以F最符合原文。
2。A。与“tolerant”联系紧密的是什么？只有深刻的从内心理解对方，才能做到“tolerant of the frailty and immaturity of human nature”。显然A项与此联系最紧密。
3。C。表明诚实的含义，不是意味着做圣人，而是一种对人生准则的选择。
4。E。从后文“innumerable petty irritation”看，处理那些数不清的，琐碎的令人恼火的事情， infinite patience 当然是必须的，我们选E。
5。D。There are three principle objects of study 这段是要突出永远学习的必要性。因此D为正确答案。
中心思想
本文论述了教师理想的个人品质。
他应该是精力充沛、令人愉快的，他要有真诚的必不可少的同情心，在知识、道德上诚实，具有无限耐心，最后，他还要有一颗永远渴望学习的心。
译文
在这里，我想试着给出一个问题的答案：教师理想的个人品质是什么？也许没有两个人可以列出相同的答案，但是我认为下面的内容大体上是可以接受的。
首先，教师的性格应该是活泼的，有吸引力的。这并不排除那些相貌平平甚至长相丑陋的人，因为许多这样的人有着伟大的人格魅力。但是，有些类型的人却要排除在外，他们过于兴奋、忧郁、冷漠、愤世嫉俗、沮丧，还有专横无礼；我也会说，那些迟钝的或者纯粹反面的人物也应排除在外。
第二，真诚的同情心（这个词的表面意思）对一个教师来说不仅是理想的，而且也是必不可少的；一种能够与他人的思想和感受产生共鸣的能力。与这紧密联系的能力是容忍——当然，不是容忍错误，而是容忍导致人们，尤其是儿童犯错的人性的弱点和不成熟。
第三，既在知识又在道德方面诚实，我认为对一个教师来说是基本的要求。这并不意味着要做圣人，而是指他将意识到知识的力量和局限，并依据指引他生活的道德准则来进行思考和决策。这并不与我将要说的——教师应该是位演员相矛盾。这是教学技巧的一部分，要求教师随时进入表演——活跃课程，改正错误或给予表扬。小孩子，尤其是年龄较小的儿童，生活在一个比现实更大的世界里。
另外一方面，教师也必须是个极大的“赞助者”。我想说，这在很大程度上是一种自律和自我训练，因为没有人生来就那样的。他必须适应力很强，因为教学要花很多精力；而且他应轻而易举的应付成人对儿童应该容忍的无数琐碎的令人恼火的事。
最后，我认为教师应该有一种不断学习的思想。教学是一项永远也不可能完美的工作，因为总会有很多东西要学习。学习的三个基本组成是：课程，教师教授的课程；方法，在课堂上他教授学生应用的最好方法；最重要的是他教授的儿童、年轻人或成年人。
英国教育的最主要原则是教育全部人，这需要教师和学习者的通力合作。
三
［A］ Unstable factors spread with the globalisation。
［B］The harmful influence of the globalisation。
［C］The conflicts between globalisation and parochialism。
［D］The imbalances of the world economy。
［E］The allotted disparity of the global wealth。
［F］International organization should be powerful。
We are seeing a series of paradoxes at the turn of the millennium。
1
On the one hand； globalisation means that national frontiers are being increasingly meaningless； but on the other； we are being swept by a wave of parochialism； with countries clinging to the notion of sovereignty。 Many members of the UN have only bee nation states in the last few decades； so I can understand why they are so keen to hang on to their independence。 But there are so many factors in the world that make this position increasingly meaningless。Governments no longer have plete control over their economic and monetary policies； and many multinationals now have greater profits than individual countries’GDP。
2
The end of the cold war has brought its own dangers and we need to find a new balance of power in the world。It has also spawned many conflicts。 Governments must be prepared to surrender some authority to global and regional institutions or we risk world disorder。 It is tragic that； just when we need a strong international organisation； the United Nations is starved of funds and often sidelined by its own member states。 What happened in East Timor was unforgivable because it was foreseeable。 Angola has been another sad instance of international vacillation。 We need an international body with teeth—morally and in action。 Perhaps the UN should be given its own force。
3
I do think world war is less likely for the present； although I worry about the proliferation of nuclear weapons at one end and lethal small arms at the other。 It is terrifying the way that power is increasingly disseminated to small； pletely ruthless groups like terrorists； drug traffickers and local warlords。 The great imponderable is that some nut could create a nuclear explosion。 Or that some essentially local conflict could escalate out of control。 You cannot isolate instability：it gets exported。
4
Another worry stems from the huge economic imbalances in a world where the richest 20 per cent have 86 per cent of global GDP； and the 20 poorest countries only one per cent。
5
Humanitarian aid is no more than a palliative。 Western countries must increase their development aid programmes； not out of charity but for reasons of self…interest。 The international implications of； for example； the collapse of Africa are unthinkable。 There must be a new concept of security based not just on military and defence matters but on economic and social concerns too。 As long as more than a million people continue to live in direct poverty we can never hope to achieve national or international stability。 The global pendulum has swung too far towards a total dependence on market forces； but finding some point of balance in the middle is extremely difficult。
I am by nature optimistic； but in my gloomier moments I sometimes think the only solution will be an invasion from outer space—then at last everyone would unite！
答案及解析
1。 C。 由文章第一段中的On the one hand …globalisation和but on the other…parochialism 后面的内容可知本段是在谈论全球化和地方主义之间的冲突矛盾，由此判断答案为C。
2。 F。第二段，承接上文，指出在冷战结束的情况下，联合国等国际组织应该发挥更大的作用，但是下文话锋一转，用东帝汉和安哥拉两个例子来表现联合国在国际行动中的软弱无力，再结合上面所提到的“我们需要一个强大的国际组织”，顺其自然的就得出了“希望联合国强劲有力”的结论，选项F正好符合了这一意境。
3。 A。作者在这一段极力渲染了武器扩散的恐怖情形，字里行间我们可以了解到，作者想表达的意思其实就是：诸如战争、毒品、贫穷等不稳定的因素是会扩散和蔓延的，并不是与世隔绝的，在全球化的浪潮下，谁也无法“独善其身”。由此可判断答案为A。
4。 E。由文中的the huge economic imbalances 及文中出现的数字对比，我们很容易选出正确答案。
5。 D。三、四、五段在逻辑上是前后呼应的，作者采用“花开两朵、各表一枝”的写作手法，一方面指出武器，毒品是无法隔绝的，另一方面呼吁贫穷也是会蔓延的。战争和贫困就好比罪恶的双生子，不离不弃、如影随行，相应的，第五段和第三段的结尾也应该相互呼应。
中心思想
本文通过阐述近年来联合国在国际事务中差强人意的表现，指出现今世界不安定的因素，即武器以及贫穷的扩散，而要从根本上解决世界上形形色色的问题，一个强有力的国际组织是必要
