wgolding.lordoftheflies-第47部分

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　Purdue　University；　May　10；　1962
　
　Question：　It　has　often　been　said　that　wars　are　caused　by　the　dictatorial　few。　Do　you　feel　this　to　be　so；　or　do　you　think　anyone　given　the　power　is　capable　of　such　inhuman　atrocity？
　Answer：　Well；　I　think　wars　are　much　more　plicated　than　that。　Some　of　them　have　been　caused　by　a　few。　On　the　other　hand　if　some　of　them　are　surely　the　bursting　of　some　vicious　growth；　almost；　in　civilization；　then　who　knows　who　applies　the　lancer　to　it？　There's　all　the　difference　in　the　world　between　the　wars　of　1917…the　munist　Revolution…on　the　one　hand；　and　the　wars　of　Genghis　Khan　on　the　other；　isn't　there？
　Q。：　Yes。　Obviously；　in　Lord　of　the　Flies　society　plays　little　part　in　determining　the　corruption　and　violence　in　man。　You've　said　this　is　true　in　society；　that　it　does　play　a　minor　role；　but　do　you　feel　that　there　are　societies　that　will　enhance　the　possibility　of　man　being　good？　And　are　we　working　toward　this　in　democracy？
　A。：　By　instinct　and　training；　and　by　birth　and　by　position　on　the　face　of　the　globe；　I'm　pretty　well　bound　to　subscribe　to　a　democratic　doctrine；　am　I　not？　This　is　so　deeply　woven　into　the　way　we　live；　or　at　least　the　way　we　live　at　home　in　England；　that　I　don't　suppose　one　really　questions　it　much。　I　think　I　would　say　democracy　is　moving　in　the　right
　
　1。This　interview　is　printed　here　by　permission　of　William　Golding　and　James　Keating。　（c）　1964　by　James　Keating　and　William　Golding。
　
　direction；　or　the　democratic　way　is　the　way　in　which　to　move；　equally；　it　seems　to　me　that　a　democracy　has　inherent　weaknesses　in　it…built…in　weaknesses。　You　can't　give　people　freedom　without　weakening　society　as　an　implement　of　war；　if　you　like；　and　so　this　is　very　much　like　a　sheep　among　wolves。　It's　not　a　question　with　me　as　to　whether　democracy　is　the　right　way　so　much；　as　to　whether　democracy　can　survive　and　remain　what　it　is。　Every　time　democracy　pulls　itself　together　and　says；　〃Well；　now　I'm　being　threatened　by　a　totalitarian　regime；〃　the　first　thing　it　has　to　do　is　give　up　some　of　its　own　principles。　In　England　during　the　Second　World　War　we　had　to　give　up　a　tremendous　number　of　principles　in　order　to　achieve　the　one　pointed　unity　which　could　possibly　withstand　Hitler。　It's　possible　to　look　at　the　question　in　this　way　and　say；　〃Is　the　remedy　not　as　bad　as　the　disease？〃　I　don't　know。
　Q。：　Well；　the　innocence　in　man；　for　example；　that　you　bring　out　among　the　boys　in　this　novel；　would　you　say　it　was　an　inherent　kind　of　thing　which　materializes；　or　is　it　a　thing　from　without　which　is　taken　on　during　a　transitional　process　from　innocence　to　non…innocence？　Are　the　boys　innocent　of　themselves　or　are　they　innocent　of　evil　from　without　and　evil　of　others？
　A。：　They're　innocent　of　their　own　natures。　They　don't　understand　their　own　natures　and　therefore；　when　they　get　to　this　island；　they　can　look　forward　to　a　bright　future；　because　they　don't　understand　the　things　that　threaten　it。　This　seems　to　me　to　be　innocence；　I　suppose　you　could　almost　equate　it　with　ignorance　of　men's　basic　attributes；　and　this　is　inevitable　with　anything　which　is　born　and　begins　to　grow　up。　Obviously；　it　doesn't　understand　its　own　nature。
　Q。：　Then　it's　more　a　bination　of　innocence　of　their　own　and　other's　attributes？
　A。：　Yes。　I　think；　quite　simply；　that　they　don't　understand　what　beasts　there　are　in　the　human　psyche　which　have　to　be　curbed。　They're　too　young　to　look　ahead　and　really　put　the　curbs　on　their　own　nature　and　implement　them；　because　giving　way　to　these　beasts　is　always　a　pleasure；　in　some　ways；　and　so　their　society　breaks　down。　Of　course；　on　the　other　hand；　in　an　adult　society　it　is　possible　society　will　not　break　down。　It　may　be　that　we　can　put　sufficient　curbs　on　our　own　natures　to　prevent　it　from　breaking　down。　We　may　have　the　very　mon　sense　to　say　that　if　we　have　atom　bombs　and　so　on…H…bombs…well；　we　cannot　possibly　use　these　things。
　Now　that　is；　in　a　sense；　the　lowest　possible　bit　of　mon　sense…obviously　we　can't…but　you　know　as　well　as　I　do　that　there　is　a　large　chance　that　those　weapons　will　be　used　and　we'll　be　done　for。　I　think　that　democratic　attitude　of　voluntary　curbs　put　on　one's　own　nature　is　the　only　possible　way　for　humanity；　but　I　wouldn't　like　to　say　that　it's　going　to　work　out；　or　survive。
　Q。：　You　recently　stated　your　belief　that　humanity　would　either　be　saved；　or　save　itself。　Is　that　correct？
　A。：　Yes；　but　here　again　this　is　because　I'm　basically　an　optimist。　Intellectually　I　can　see　man's　balance　is　about　fifty…fifty；　and　his　chances　of　blowing　himself　up　are　about　one　to　one。　I　can't　see　this　any　way　but　intellectually。　I'm　just　emotionally　unable　to　believe　that　he　will　do　this。　This　means　that　I　am　by　nature　an　optimist　and　by　intellectual　conviction　a　pessimist；　I　suppose。
　Q。：　The　reason　I　posed　that　ment　was　because　in　your　published　notes　in　Lord　of　the　Flies　。　。　。
　A。：　They　aren't　my　notes。
　Q。：　I'm　sorry。　I　thought　Mr。　Epstein2　quoted　you。
　A。：　Did　he？
　Q。：　In　the　summation　。　。　。
　A。：　Oh；　yes。
　Q。：　In　the　end　the　question　is；　who　will　rescue　the　adult　and　his　cruiser？　This　seems　to　me　a　little　fatalistic；　it　conveys　the　notion　that　there　isn't　really　any　hope。
　A。：　Yes；　but　there　again　you　can　take　。　。　。　there　are　two　answers　here；　I　think　they　are　both　valid　answers。　The　first　one　is　the　one　I　made　before；　and　that　is　that　the　quotation　there　is　what　I　said　is　intellectual　fatalism。　It's　making　the　thing　a　sort　of　series　of　Chinese　boxes；　one　inside　of　the　Other。　The　other　thing　is　to　say　that　as　the　fabulist　is　always
　
　2。E。　L。　Epstein；　〃Notes　on　Lord　of　the　Flies〃　reprinted　below；　p。　277。…Eds。
　
　a　moralist；　he　is　always　overstating　his　case；　because　he　has　a　point　he　wishes　to　drive　home。　I　would　prefer　to　say　if　you　don't　curb　yourself；　then　this　is　what　will　happen　to　you。
　Q。：　Again；　in　Lord　of　the　Flies；　I　noticed　a　very　definite　relationship　between　Simon　and　his　brutal　death　and　Christ　and　his　crucifixion。　Would　you　care　to　discuss　this；　or　give　any　omniscient　judgment？
　A。：　Well；　I　can't　give　an　omniscient　judgment。　I　can　only　say　what　I　intended。　First　you've　got　to　remember　I　haven　t　read　this　book　for　ten　years；　so　I　may　be　a　bit　off。　I　intended　a　Christ　figure　in　the　novel；　because　Christ　figures　occur　in　humanity；　really；　but　I　couldn't　have　the　full　picture；　or　as　near　as　full　a　possible　picture　of　human　potentiality；　unless　one　was　potentially　a　Christ　figure。　So　Simon　is　the　little　boy　who　goes　off　into　the　bushes　to　pray。　He　is　the　only　one　to　take　any　notice　of　the　little　'uns…who　actually　hands　them　food；　gets　food　from　places　where　they　can't　reach　it　and　hands　it　down　to　them。　He　is　the　one　who　is　tempted　of　the　devil：　he　has　this　interview　with　the　pig's　head　on　the　stick；　with　Beelzebub；　or　Satan；　the　devil；　whatever　you'd　like　to　call　it；　and　the　devil　says；　〃Clear　off；　you're　not　wanted。　Just　go　back　to　the　others。　We'll　forget　the　whole　thing。〃
　Well；　this　is；　of　course；　the　perennial　temptation　to　the　saint；　as　I　conceive　it；　to　just　go　and　be　like　ordinary　men　and　let　the　whole　thing　slide。　Instead　of　that；　Simon　goes　up　the　hill　and　takes　away　from　the　island；　removes；　discovers　what　this　dead　hand　of　history　is　that's　over　them；　undoes　the　threads　so　that　the　wind　can　blow　this　dead　thing　away　from　the　island；　and　then　when　he　tries　to　take　the　good　news　back　to　ordinary　human　society；　he's　crucified　for　it。　This　is　as　far　as　I　was　able　to　find　a　Christ　parallel；　you　see。3
　Q。：　You　mentioned　that　you　couldn't　give　any　omniscient　judgment；　and　you've　earlier　said　that　an　author　cannot　really　say；　after　he　has　written　a　work；　what　he　has　given　from　himself　or　created。4　What　do　you　feel　the　role　of　the
　
　4。For　a　further　discussion　of　the　role　of　Simon；　see　Donald　R。　Spangler；　〃Simon；〃　p。　211　in　this　volume。…Eds。
　5。　pare　Gelding's　remarks　here　with　his　statements　in　the　interview　with　Frank　Kermode；　p。　199　in　this　volume。…Eds。
　
　critic　is　here？　Do　you　feel　the　critic　has　the　right　to　bring　these　things　out？
　A。：　Well；　isn't　this　really　a　question　without　much　meaning？　Because　whether　a　critic　has　rights　or　not　he　is　going　to　do　these　things　to　a　book　which　has　got　out　of　the　autho